Printers.
Label printers commission new serialized identifiers at the start of an object's life. A commissioning event records that origin; the gateway validates and appends it like any other, so the object's history begins at the print, not at first scan.
POST /capturePOST /translate
History begins at the print.
"type": "ObjectEvent",
"action": "ADD",
"bizStep": "commissioning",
"epcList": [ /* the serials this run printed, as Digital Link URIs */ ],
"who": "did:human:print-operator", // asserted, graded
"spine:capturedBy": "acct:converter-plant", // stamped
// first event in each serial's history — the birth certificateIllustrative: the commissioning event a print run produces. Everything later in the object's life appends after this event; nothing precedes it.
For the engineer at the start of the chain.
A serial that exists only from first scan has an unexplained past. Commissioning at the print closes that gap: the object's history starts where the identifier did, and every later observation appends to a chain whose first link is on the record.