Computer Hardware.
Computer-hardware distribution tracks serialized components and finished units by GTIN and serial. Each capture attributes the observer and the account behind the key, so a return, an RMA, or a warranty claim resolves to who actually saw the unit.
whospine:capturedBy
An RMA answered by a trace, not a search.
GET /epcs/{https://id.gs1.org/01/00614141123452/21/SN-88117}/events
→ commissioning who: human · line 2 capturedBy: mfr acct
→ shipping who: human · dock 1 capturedBy: mfr acct
→ receiving who: human · goods-in capturedBy: distributor acct
→ shipping who: agent · wms bot capturedBy: distributor acct
→ receiving who: human · returns capturedBy: reseller acctIllustrative: the per-EPC trace is the implemented read surface (GET /epcs/{epc}/events, and trace over MCP), inside your own scope, with your capture key.
For the integration engineer with a returns queue.
The unit's history is the sequence of events, not a mutable state field — so "who last saw this serial" is a query, not an email thread. Out-of-scope reads return absence, not redaction: a reseller sees its own hops and nothing upstream of its grant.
Proof, not adjectives. The gateway's conformance tests pass against GS1's normative artifacts. See Who for the dimension, and What ships today for the dated ledger.