Who.
Every event carries two attributions, and the door owns a different half of each. who is the attested observer, asserted by the caller and graded by the door. capturedBy is the warrantor: the account whose key opened the door, stamped by the gateway itself.
The observer can be a human, an agent, or an embodied agent. The warrantor is the account that authenticated. The gateway STAMPS the warrantor's half — capturedBy, recordTime and the attestation grade are applied at the door, and caller-supplied values in those fields are stripped — and it GRADES the observer's half: who is the caller's assertion, and an asserted observer reaches only the grade claimed until identity attestation lands. One is stamped, the other is graded; neither attribution is negotiable after the fact.
The party and organization grain is derived from grant chains at read time, never written into the event. The pages below are the industries the old tree carried, refreshed to what capture means in each. They describe how the standard models the actors. Two of them — Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices — are recorded out of scope by one targeting decision, and each says so plainly rather than courting an evaluation this project cannot honestly serve.
whospine:capturedBy
Proof, not adjectives. The gateway's conformance tests pass against GS1's normative artifacts; POST /translate, /validate and /hash answer on this origin. The dated ledger is What ships today.
Who, page by page.
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01
Automotive
Automotive supply chains move serialized parts through tiers of suppliers. An EPCIS 2.0 event records which party observed a part at a step; the gateway stamps the warrantor and grades the asserted observer, so the chain of custody carries who stands behind each record and how strongly the observer is attested.
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02
Computer Hardware
Computer-hardware distribution tracks serialized components and finished units by GTIN and serial. Each capture attributes the observer and the account behind the key, so a return, an RMA, or a warranty claim resolves to who actually saw the unit.
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03
Consumer Goods
Fast-moving consumer goods generate high event volume across manufacturing, distribution and retail. Capture is $0 per event — intent, until published terms bind it — precisely so a stream that grows with volume is never a stream you stop feeding; every event carries a stamped warrantor and a graded observer.
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04
Food and Beverage
Food and beverage traceability turns on who observed a lot and when. EPCIS 2.0 with CBV dispositions records the business step and the attested observer; append-only storage means a recall trace reads a history that cannot have been rewritten after the fact.
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05
Medical Devices
Medical-device UDI and custody programs are out of scope here, deliberately — the same decision that puts pharma/DSCSA out of scope puts med-device out with it, one cut, not two. The segment runs a validated/GxP buying environment served by entrenched DSCSA-era incumbents, and this project has no customers in that segment, no validated/GxP documentation history, and no attestation — none has ever been issued — so it does not court that evaluation, and says so rather than pretending otherwise.
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06
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceutical serialization under DSCSA is out of scope here, deliberately — and it is one decision covering pharma AND medical devices, so the Medical Devices page on this hub carries the same statement. EPCIS has been mandatory in pharma for years, the segment is served by entrenched incumbents with validated/GxP audit histories, and this project has no customers in that segment, no validated/GxP documentation history, and no attestation — none has ever been issued — so it does not court that evaluation, and says so rather than pretending otherwise.
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07
Retail
Retail EPCIS spans receiving, replenishment and point of sale. Each event attributes the observer and the account that captured it; minimally-scoped reads mean a partner sees its own scope and nothing outside it, with no redacted shape left behind to argue about.